http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/index.html

**BOMBING **
**Timeline **- Events leading up to 23 Oct. 1983 | After

![ "BEFORE"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/bbefore.jpg)![ "DURING"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/b0622.jpg)![ "AFTER"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/bafter.gif)

- **Aftermath **- _Events after 23 Oct. 1983_ - **Reactions**: - [Department of Defense Statement](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/dod.html) - [Colin's Powell's Reaction & Thoughts](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/powell.html) - [Photo: Reagan prepares speech to nation](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/prepare.html) - [President Reagan's Speech](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/reagan.html) - [Photo: A nation mourns](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/mourns.html) - [**Commandant's Remarks to Senate Armed Services Committee**](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/kelley.html) - [**The Long Commission**](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/long.html)

Culture of Region:

**CULTURE**

A Contrast in Culture - Jewish, Christian, Muslim life as children life as adults (NOTE: This could go under the SUPPORT section as it helps us understand cross-cultural differences)
Research Contributions/References - On cross-cultural mannerisms & inferences
Beirut, Lebanon - Rebuilding a war-torn city and country
Lebanon Today - Link to Lebanese tourism sites

Terrorism: (Historical, cultural and psychological perspective)

**DEFINITION**

Terrorism - _What defines a terrorist group? etc. _
_ (NOTE: maybe a small brief section on the different groups)_

U.S. Military: (An informative historical and cultural perspective)

**USMC and USN** [United States Marine Corps and U. S. Navy]

[1] Rank w/Insignia Pictures | Uniform Photos

The most this section hopes to accomplish is an explanation to a general public audience [vs. assumed military audience] of the US Navy and Marine Corps ranks. (For the purpose of enhancing the understanding as one reads the servicemans names.)

[2] 'General' Mission of each Service Component

Example: MARINES

Most people think of the U.S. Marine Corps as trained for combat readiness via a variety of specialized training, cold weather, desert, etc., which is true. Most people do not realize the many other roles that the Marine Corps is involved in and community programs they support. This is not meant to misrepresent their role by any means, but do wish to emphasize the other jobs they are tasked with that people may not be aware of.

Support amphibious landings, special operations
The Marines are a component of and fall under the Department of the Navy
Peacekeeping/rapid deployment/misc. missions
Emphasize 'ambassador' role as they are utilized very heavily in foreign embassy duty as guards
Perform a strong Community Service Role Honor guards | parades
Military funerals
Escorts to beauty pageants
Hospital visits
Elementary and High School speakers - Anti-drug, motivation, etc.
Toys for Tots

Example: NAVY

The Navy has always been an 'ambassador' service. In that I mean that you can move ships around the globe and position them offshore and this makes a statement of presense. It makes the statement of "we are watching and have an investment in what is going on". To land troops or commit ground forces is another statement.

Non-Combat Support Roles - Since the Marine Corps is an armed service that falls under the Department of the Navy, Navy support personnel are assigned to USMC units. Medical, dental, and religious support is provided by Navy doctors, dentists, chaplains, hospital corpsmen, and dental technicians, who are considered non-combatants by the Geneva Convention. Administrative Sailors, such as religious program specialists[chaplain's assistants], personnelmen, and yeomen, are also assigned to the Marines, but do not hold non-combatant status. (Thanks to: Mark T. Hacala HMCS(FMF) USNR Director Education Institute U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation for wordage**) **
Eighteen [18] such Navy servicemen were killed in the bombing.
Three [3] Army servicemen were also killed in the bombing.
Chaplain Danny Wheeler - A Lutheran, administered Last Rites, a Catholic ritual, to a Jewish Marine killed a few days prior to the bombing by a snipers bullet. The Marine was SSgt. Allen Soifert from Nashua, New Hampshire. Chaplain Wheeler was injured in the bombing.
Lt. John R. Hudson, M.D. - A medical doctor who reluctantly went to a Navy scholarship to fund his last two years of medical school because he could not afford it anymore, was killed in the bombing. He had tried unsuccessfully to save SSgt. Soifert just days earlier.
ETC Michael W. Gorchinski - A Navy electrical technician, was killed in the bombing.

**BOMBING **

**Timeline **- Events leading up to 23 Oct. 1983 | After
**History **- Significant events
**The **Mission Statement
The Rules of Engagement
The Bombing Itself
**Photos **- BEFORE | DURING | AFTER

![ "BEFORE"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/bbefore.jpg)![ "DURING"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/b0622.jpg)![ "AFTER"](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/graphics/buttons/bafter.gif)

- **Aftermath **- _Events after 23 Oct. 1983_ - **Reactions**: - [Department of Defense Statement](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/dod.html) - [Colin's Powell's Reaction & Thoughts](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/powell.html) - [Photo: Reagan prepares speech to nation](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/prepare.html) - [President Reagan's Speech](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/reagan.html) - [Photo: A nation mourns](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/mourns.html) - [**Commandant's Remarks to Senate Armed Services Committee**](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/kelley.html) - [**The Long Commission**](http://www.beirut-memorial.org/history/long.html)

Culture of Region:

**CULTURE**

A Contrast in Culture - Jewish, Christian, Muslim life as children life as adults (NOTE: This could go under the SUPPORT section as it helps us understand cross-cultural differences)
Research Contributions/References - On cross-cultural mannerisms & inferences
Beirut, Lebanon - Rebuilding a war-torn city and country
Lebanon Today - Link to Lebanese tourism sites

Terrorism: (Historical, cultural and psychological perspective)

**DEFINITION**

Terrorism - _What defines a terrorist group? etc. _
_ (NOTE: maybe a small brief section on the different groups)_

U.S. Military: (An informative historical and cultural perspective)

**USMC and USN** [United States Marine Corps and U. S. Navy]

[1] Rank w/Insignia Pictures | Uniform Photos

The most this section hopes to accomplish is an explanation to a general public audience [vs. assumed military audience] of the US Navy and Marine Corps ranks. (For the purpose of enhancing the understanding as one reads the servicemans names.)

[2] 'General' Mission of each Service Component

Example: MARINES

Most people think of the U.S. Marine Corps as trained for combat readiness via a variety of specialized training, cold weather, desert, etc., which is true. Most people do not realize the many other roles that the Marine Corps is involved in and community programs they support. This is not meant to misrepresent their role by any means, but do wish to emphasize the other jobs they are tasked with that people may not be aware of.

Support amphibious landings, special operations
The Marines are a component of and fall under the Department of the Navy
Peacekeeping/rapid deployment/misc. missions
Emphasize 'ambassador' role as they are utilized very heavily in foreign embassy duty as guards
Perform a strong Community Service Role Honor guards | parades
Military funerals
Escorts to beauty pageants
Hospital visits
Elementary and High School speakers - Anti-drug, motivation, etc.
Toys for Tots

Example: NAVY

The Navy has always been an 'ambassador' service. In that I mean that you can move ships around the globe and position them offshore and this makes a statement of presense. It makes the statement of "we are watching and have an investment in what is going on". To land troops or commit ground forces is another statement.

Non-Combat Support Roles - Since the Marine Corps is an armed service that falls under the Department of the Navy, Navy support personnel are assigned to USMC units. Medical, dental, and religious support is provided by Navy doctors, dentists, chaplains, hospital corpsmen, and dental technicians, who are considered non-combatants by the Geneva Convention. Administrative Sailors, such as religious program specialists[chaplain's assistants], personnelmen, and yeomen, are also assigned to the Marines, but do not hold non-combatant status. (Thanks to: Mark T. Hacala HMCS(FMF) USNR Director Education Institute U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation for wordage**) **
Eighteen [18] such Navy servicemen were killed in the bombing.
Three [3] Army servicemen were also killed in the bombing.
Chaplain Danny Wheeler - A Lutheran, administered Last Rites, a Catholic ritual, to a Jewish Marine killed a few days prior to the bombing by a snipers bullet. The Marine was SSgt. Allen Soifert from Nashua, New Hampshire. Chaplain Wheeler was injured in the bombing.
Lt. John R. Hudson, M.D. - A medical doctor who reluctantly went to a Navy scholarship to fund his last two years of medical school because he could not afford it anymore, was killed in the bombing. He had tried unsuccessfully to save SSgt. Soifert just days earlier.
ETC Michael W. Gorchinski - A Navy electrical technician, was killed in the bombing.

BEIRUT - The Beirut Barracks Memorial