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t the Mauthausen Concentration Camp prisoners were literally worked to death. Unlike the death camps in Poland, where huge gas chambers killed thousands a day, Mauthausen killed prisoners through hard labor and torture. Mauthausen was the only Category Three concentration camp, meaning the prisoners sent there were meant to be exterminated, and exterminated through work. When the camp opened in August 1938, the prisoners were assigned to work in the granite quarries and to build the actual camp. Inmates worked in the quarries and armament factories with their bare hands, and the SS guards would kill those who fell behind or got worn out. For the prisoners who escaped when the camp was liberated, many had faced arduous labor, torture, and starvation in the most physically brutal concentration camp of the Nazi regime.
Number of Prisoners: Approx. 8,200
31 Dec 1940
Number of Prisoners: 2,666
31 Dec 1939
Number of Prisoners: 994
31 Dec 1938
Number of Prisoners: Approx. 15,900
31 Dec 1941
Number of Prisoners: 72,392 men and 959 women
31 Dec 1944
Number of Prisoners: 25,697
31 Dec 1943
Number of Prisoners: At least 64,800 men and 1,734 women
4 May 1945
Number of Prisoners: 84,472 men and 1,043 women
7 Mar 1945
Number of Prisoners: Approx. 14,000
31 Dec 1942
Other: Estimated number of victims
approx. 100,000
Other: Established
8 Aug 1938
Other: Liberated
5 May 1945
Other: Liberation Force
US 11th armor division
Other: Himmler transfers prisoners to build Mauthausen
8 Aug 1938
Other: Last roll call
3 May 1945
Other: Estimated number deported to camp
approx. 200,000
Other: First inmate shot “while trying to escape”
15 Nov 1938
Other: First recorded suicide of an inmate
18 Aug 1938
Subcamps: Permanent Subcamps
49
Subcamps: Temporary Subcamps
10
Subcamps: Famous subcamps
Gusen, Melk, Ebensee
Other: Typhus epidemic, camp quarantined
7 July 1941
Other: SS send a shipment of gold fillings to Berlin
1 Nov 1941
Other: 261 Czech prisoners are gassed
24 Oct 1942
Other: Gusen subcamp opens
25 May 1940
Other: SS Dr. Karl Gross starts medical experiments
5 Feb 1943
Other: 570 prisoners try to escape, only 17 succeed
2 Feb 1945
Other: Ebensee subcamp opens
18 Nov 1943
Other: SS gas the sick and weak prisoners
21 Apr 1945
Location: City
20 km from Linz
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